Afanasyeva, A. Forced relocations of the Kola Sámi people: background and consequences / by Anna Afanasyeva. - Tromsø: University of Tromsø, 2013. - 82 p.: ill., map, portr.

32 As may be observed from the table, some of the inhabitants were relocated several times. Hereby Lumbovka winter settlement was closed in 1934 and residents were resettled to the summer settlement; after in 1950 they were relocated to Jokanga and then in 1963 they were moved to Lovozero. The same pattern implying two displacements in the second stage might be observed with the Kildin settlement. The main areas of the relocations were the Middle and the Eastern parts of the Kola Peninsula. 104 According to the policy decision the Sámis were relocated to Lovozero, however a half of the population from Jokanga settlement preferred to move to Gremiha on the Barents coast. 105 All in all as the results of the second stage of relocations were officially closed: Čudz’javv’r, Koardegk, Arsjogk, Jovvkuj and Lɨmbes. The table of relocations provides the manner and purpose of resettlement, namely two types: policy-initiated and industrial-induced. The purpose of these relocations is important to regard in the current study as it provides basic understanding of the resettlement nature. Both policy-initiated and development-induced relocations (discussed in next paragraph) are similarly result in the displacement of the population from their habitual and resource territories, but in principle bear different motivational ideas. The purpose and background is discussed more closely in the next paragraph and is relevant in order to trace the diversity of the studied processes. 3.4 The background of relocations Two of the studied Sámi settlements, Varzino and Jokanga, were closed by decision of the Murmansk Regional Executive Committee on 02.02.1962 Protocol № 48 106 and one settlement – Voron’e was eliminated due to the construction of hydroelectric power station. According to the Murmansk Regional Executive Committee decision on 02.02.1962 Protocol № 48 was abolished the Sámi district 107 and indigenous village councils were transferred under the jurisdiction of Lovozero municipality. 108 The population from Varzino was relocated to Lovozero, however approximately the half of 104 Kiselev 1987:43. 105 Allemann 2010:74, Informant I. 106 GAMO. F 285, Op.4 d. 41 № 200. 107 The center of the Sámi district was Jokanga settlement. Arsjogk was under the jurisdiction of the Sámi district, RUSARC 2013. 108 GAMO.F 285, Op.4 d. 41 № 200.