Table of Contents 1 164

Allemann, L. The sami of the Kola Peninsula : about the life of an ethnic minority in the Soviet Union / Lukas Allemann ; [transl. by Michael Lomax]. - Rovaniemi : University of Lapland Printing Centre, 2013. - 151 p. : ill., map, portr. ; 25 см. - (Senter for samiske studier, Skriftserie ; 19).

EDITOR's FOREWORD 5
Foreword 7
A word of thanks 8
Table of contents 10
1. Introduction 12
1.1 Objectives of this work 12
1.2 On the transliteration of Russian and Sami words, on the glossary and on gender usage 16
1.3 Introductory information on the Sami people 16
1.3.1 Distribution area and source of the Sami 16
1.3.2 Demographics of the Sami 18
2. Oral history and personal accounts as tools of historical scholarship 21
2.1 Everyday history and narrativity 21
2.2 The life story interview as historical source 23
2.2.1 Everyday and scientific interpretation 26
2.2.2 Experienced vs. narrated life history 28
2.2.3 Memory as giver of meaning and assurance of identity 32
2.3 On conducting life history interviews 34
2.3.1 Interviewee recruitment 38
2.3.2 The list of topics 39
2.4 Technical aspects of transcription and analysis of the interviews 40
3. The Sami of Russia before the October Revolution 42
3.1 The traditional way of life 42
3.2 Religion: Shamanism, Christianity, atheism 45
3.3 Transliteration and written codification of the Sami language 46
3.4 The immigration of the Komi and Nenets 47
4. The reconstructed life stories - an overview 53
4.1 Nina Eliseevna Afanas'eva 54
4.2 Anna Nikolaevna Jur'eva 60
4.3 Anastasija Nikolaevna Matrёhina 63
4.4 Marija Alekseevna Popova 68
4.5 Apollinarija Ivanovna Golyh 72
4.6 Brief comparison of the life stories 77
5. Living conditions of the Sami of Russia after the October Revolution 78
5.1 Containment of nomadism and collectivization 78
5.2 Repression and terror under Stalin 83
5.3 The Finnish-Russian War and the Second World War 88
5.4 The final centralization of the Sami and the establishment of the Soviet reindeer herding system 90
5.4.1 The closing of Sami settlements 91
5.4.2 Lovozero and centralized, expansive reindeer breeding 101
5.4.3 Unemployment, crime, alcoholism and suicide as consequences of resettlement 107
5.4.4 The educational system 116
5.4.4.1 Language 116
5.4.4.2 Boarding school 125
5.4.4.3 Further education and career opportunities 128
5.4.5 Concluding words on the period of the final centralization of the Sami 131
5.5 Perestroika and the post-Soviet period 132
6. Final considerations: The Sami and the Soviet state - an ambivalent relationship 145
7. Bibliography 150
8. List of illustrations 155
9. Appendix 157
9.1 Glossary 157
9.2 Transcription characters 158
9.3 Key biographical data of the interviewees 159
9.4 General map of the Kola Peninsula 161

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