Allemann, L. The sami of the Kola Peninsula : about the life of an ethnic minority in the Soviet Union / Lukas Allemann ; [transl. by Michael Lomax]. - Rovaniemi : University of Lapland Printing Centre, 2013. - 151 p. : ill., map, portr. ; 25 см. - (Senter for samiske studier, Skriftserie ; 19).

Lukas Allemann деревня Варзино просуществовала до тысяча девятьсот шестьдесят четвертого года. // A: When the Communists came to power, as early as 1930s they created collec­ tive farms, or kolkhozy, and started converting the Sami to a sedentary lifestyle. That's why the village of Semiostrov'e was closed [...]. Because there were no roads leading to it, you could use reindeer to get there in winter, but you couldn't do that in summer. That's why they decided to create a permanent set­ tlement on the Barents Sea coast. This is my native village ((shows a photo)). It was a summer village [...]. That's where I was born. It was called Varzino [...]. You ask why Sami didn't live there before? Because it was a very cold place [...]. One couldn't survive there in winter, that's why Sami didn't live there. But the Soviet authorities were building a new life and hadn't a clue how the settlers would survive in a location where there was no firewood and no trees. There was a forest [in Semiostrov'e], so one could go and fell a couple of birches and cut them up for firewood [...]. That's why life was so difficult there in winter. But in spite of this, Varzino, our village existed till 1964 .15 This relocation had nothing to do as yet with military interests. This was much more the case during the Cold War, when civilians were moved away en masse from the Barents Sea coast (see Chapter 5.4). At the start of collectivization, there was rather a shift in the opposite direction: larger, year-round settlements, such as Varzino, were founded directly on the coast in order to ensure better access to the traffic routes and so ship the goods produced, as the year-round ice-free sea provides the only route connecting many places on the Kola Peninsula. Nina Afanas'eva addresses one of the main problems of this resettlement: the lo­ cal knowledge of the indigenous population was simply disregarded. As is clear from Ms Afanas'eva's explanations, there were good reasons why in this inhospitable re­ gion of the world people had for thousands of years had separate winter and sum­ 115Afanas'eva interview, lines 26-35, 57-59, 242 f., 253-263. Senterfor samiske studier, Skriftserie nr. 19 70