Allemann, L. The sami of the Kola Peninsula : about the life of an ethnic minority in the Soviet Union / Lukas Allemann ; [transl. by Michael Lomax]. - Rovaniemi : University of Lapland Printing Centre, 2013. - 151 p. : ill., map, portr. ; 25 см. - (Senter for samiske studier, Skriftserie ; 19).

Lukas Allemann In contrast to the heavily militarized coastal areas of the Barents Sea, where in­ terviewees Afanas'eva and Matrehina grew up, there were few Russians living in Um- bozero. This meant that Anna Nikolaevna barely spoke Russian when she started school. She attended in all three schools between the age of ten and thirteen (1944 to 1947). Anna Nikolaevna's late enrolment is explained by the war. The entire rein­ deer industry was at this time in the hands of the women and of the few men who had remained at home. Anna Nikolaevna's father too was away on military service from 1941 to 1945. While a part of the villagers accompanied the herds in their annu­ al cycle to the coast of the White Sea (in the south) and back again, Anna Nikolaevna remained with her mother, grandmother and the four siblings in Umbozero and had to help in the home, to ensure the family's survival. Unlike Ms Matrehina and Ms Afanas'eva, Anna Nikolaevna tells that her family suffered greatly from hunger during the war and that her great-grandparents practically starved. Of the younger genera­ tion all, however, survived the war, and when the father returned from the war and began working again in the same kolkhoz as a brigade leader, their standard of living began to improve. Towards the end of the war, Anna Nikolaevna's grandmother took her to the boarding school in the not distant Lovozero. Instruction at the boarding school was only in Russian and attention was paid to making sure that no Sami was spoken. De­ spite her generally very positive view of the Soviet state, this is a point that Anna Ni­ kolaevna complained of repeatedly in the conversation. In Lovozero Anna Nikolaevna joined the pioneers, while her father had joined the military service of the Communist Party. Anna Nikolaevna admitted that she be­ came very keen on communism from her early school years. Anna Nikolaevna's brother had followed in his father's footsteps at age 14, be­ coming a reindeer herder in the kolkhoz, when in 1946 her father brought Anna Ni­ kolaevna back to Umbozero. From then on, she worked her whole life as a cumrabot- nica, until age 19 with her father in Umbozero, later in Lovozero. 1954 Anna Nikolaevna married Anisim Efimovic Yur'ev, a Sami from Lovozero. Whereas all her sisters married Russians, and some of them went on to receive higher Senterfor samiske studier, Skriftserie nr. 19 50