Allemann, L. The sami of the Kola Peninsula : about the life of an ethnic minority in the Soviet Union / Lukas Allemann ; [transl. by Michael Lomax]. - Rovaniemi : University of Lapland Printing Centre, 2013. - 151 p. : ill., map, portr. ; 25 см. - (Senter for samiske studier, Skriftserie ; 19).

Lukas Allemann and hilly Kola Peninsula, the Komi with their space-demanding form of reindeer breeding rapidly pushed out the ecologically balanced subsistence economy of the Sami, leading to their social downgrading. 91S ince the Komi unlike the Sami watched over their reindeer throughout the year, it was a constant occurrence for the Sami's free-grazing reindeer to be regarded by the Komi to be escaped or wild reindeer and incorporated into the Komis' flocks. 92A social order came into being in which there were numerous wealthy Komi, for whom the Sami and Nenets worked as herdsmen. Of course there were also independent and relatively wealthy Sami, but they were in the minority compared with the Komi. Researchers on the one hand argue that the culture and economy of Komi were clearly superior to those of the Sami and that the Sami also understood this, but for a long time did not consider it necessary to adapt their herding practices .93 S uch statements should be seen in light of the collectivization and expansion of reindeer herding in the Soviet period, with the planners largely following the methods of the Komi .94 On the other hand it has been pointed out that the Sami's form of reindeer herding was better suited to the less favourable topography and climate of the Kola Peninsula and not without reason was kept small-scale. Moreover reindeer herding was just one of three approximately equally weighted sources of income for the Sami. Hunting and, especially, fishing were also important. 95T he fact that today the Sami are often associated virtually only with reindeer husbandry does not corre­ spond to their original way of life and is primarily explained by the historical devel­ opments of the last 150 years: after the Komi had brought large-scale reindeer herd­ ing to the Kola Peninsula, the Soviet planners took over their system and established it. It would probably be unreasonable to assert that without the arrival of the Komi small-scale and sustainable reindeer herding would have been preserved as a cultur­ 91 Cf.: Rasmussen 1995, 50 f. 92Cf.: Kiselev/Kiseleva 2000, 18. 93Cf.: Kiselev/Kiseleva 2000, 18. 94Cf.: Konstantinov 2006, 7. 95Cf.: Klement'ev/Slygina 2003, 71. Senterfor samiske studier, Skriftserie nr. 19 40