Allemann, L. The sami of the Kola Peninsula : about the life of an ethnic minority in the Soviet Union / Lukas Allemann ; [transl. by Michael Lomax]. - Rovaniemi : University of Lapland Printing Centre, 2013. - 151 p. : ill., map, portr. ; 25 см. - (Senter for samiske studier, Skriftserie ; 19).
Lukas Allemann The less intensive supervision and smaller herds can also be viewed negatively, as a further step in the decomposition of reindeer herding as an industry. If one assumes that it is utopian today to breed reindeer in the same way as 150 years ago and that realistically one needs to adhere to the dictates of modern economic life, the latest developments of reindeer herding are to be seen rather in a dim light. In the present circumstances there are no longer 'meat plans' to be fulfilled, but large processing quantities are still needed in order to work economically. In 2002 only 7.8% of the total population of the Murmansk Region (Murmanskaja ob last ') lived in rural areas .191 T he proportion of Sami living in rural areas is, however, over 70% .192T he main problems of the Sami living in rural areas one can enumerated as follows: 1. Poaching Since the end of the Soviet Union the number of poachers has increased dramatical ly. They are a danger not only to the animals, but also to the people who get in their way. Particularly dangerous are poachers from among the numerous military on the coast, as they are well-armed, have transportation and are 'untouchable' .193 2. The unattractiveness of herding as a profession, general unemployment The poor supervision of the herds by the herdsmen, who are keen to minimize the time spent in the tundra, leads to drastic losses of reindeer, which are less well pro tected against wild animals and poachers. Other reasons for the decline in the rein deer population are deficient breeding methods, in particular an uncoordinated birth and slaughter policy. All this leads to reindeer seeing human beings more as enemies as friends, becoming undomesticated and going lost .194 Reindeer herding is not only hard, it is also poorly paid, making the job unattractive. This and the scarcity of alter 191 [Anonymous], Cislennost' naselenija Rossii ... 2002, [no page numbering]. 192Cf.: Kulincenko 2002, 26. 193Cf.: Golych interview, lines 223-235, 1062-1111; Klement'ev/Slygina 2003, 76; Vladimirova 2006, 171 f; Robinson/Kassam 1998, 77, 112. 194Cf.: Jur'eva interview, lines 224-237; Klement'ev/Slygina 2003, 76; Vladimirova 2006, 171 f., 214-220; Robinson/Kassam 1998, 80. Senterfor samiske studier, Skriftserie nr. 19 128
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