Allemann, L. The sami of the Kola Peninsula : about the life of an ethnic minority in the Soviet Union / Lukas Allemann ; [transl. by Michael Lomax]. - Rovaniemi : University of Lapland Printing Centre, 2013. - 151 p. : ill., map, portr. ; 25 см. - (Senter for samiske studier, Skriftserie ; 19).

The Sami of the Kola Peninsula The only area that has since been studied thoroughly and in a relatively well bal­ anced way across all eras is reindeer herding, which has been investigated extensive­ ly by Konstantinov, Vladimirova, Robinson/Kassam and others. As mentioned earlier, this industry employed, however, less than half of all working Sami. Nevertheless many Sami, especially of the the older generation, continue to identify themselves with reindeer herding. Even if they themselves did not work in this sector, their par­ ents did or they have other relatives who used to work or still work in this profession­ al area. These authors' findings on the transition period from a planned to a market economy will therefore be summarized briefly here. Just as in the agricultural areas of Russia most of the land has remained in state ownership, so on the Kola Peninsula there was no direct return of nationalized prop­ erty. The state farms were transformed into cooperatives (tovariscestvo) that are owned by the workforce. This was not a restitution in that the number of shares awarded to a family depended not on the number of reindeer its forebears had owned prior to collectivization, but on years of service on the state farM s188 While since the end of the Soviet Union there has been a general lack of people willing to work in the reindeer industry, within the workforce of the cooperatives - the successor organizations to the collective farms - there are again more Sami, and Sami reindeer herding traditions have increasing prevailed once again. More value is placed on traditional clothing, tools and ornaments. The herds are again smaller and far less monitored (vol'nyj vypas, see Chapter 3.1. The Original Way of Life), leading to more balanced grazing and the more sustainable use of resources . 189 188Cf.: Konstantinov/Vladimirova 2002, 16. 189Cf.: Klement'ev/Slygina 2003, 76. Senterfor samiske studier, Skriftserie nr. 19 125