Allemann, L. The sami of the Kola Peninsula : about the life of an ethnic minority in the Soviet Union / Lukas Allemann ; [transl. by Michael Lomax]. - Rovaniemi : University of Lapland Printing Centre, 2013. - 151 p. : ill., map, portr. ; 25 см. - (Senter for samiske studier, Skriftserie ; 19).

Lukas Allemann Since the 1970s there has been a vocational school in Lovozero (professional'no- techniceskoe ucilisce, PTU), that teaches professions directly connected with reindeer herding. This includes the training of herdsmen, under the official title of olenevod- mechanizator or olen'technik. The problem here is that the training is overly theoreti­ cal and takes place largely no longer in the tundra, but in the classrooms of the tech­ nical college. The practical ability of herdmen is largely neglected, which is some­ thing a lot of older former herdsmen complain about today . 179 This was incidentally a general problem of vocational training in the Soviet days and remains so of the ed­ ucational system that has derived from it. All in all the boarding schools were the price that had to be paid to both have an ed­ ucated generation and continue reindeer herding. The deficiencies in the education­ al system lie not in the conception of the boarding schools, but rather in the han­ dling of the languages and in the vocational training. The educational system brought and brings benefits for those pupils wanting to go on and lead, not a tradi­ tional, but a modern, urbanized life. For those wanting, however, to exercise a tradi­ tional job, the educational system offered and continues to offer unsatisfactory op­ tions .180 This has led to a general devaluation of traditional occupations, thereby erecting a further barrier to the survival of the Sami culture. 5.4.5 Concluding words on the period of the final centralization of the Sami Despite the relatively detailed information in this chapter, it can be stated that the data available in the existing publications, precisely for this period running from the 1950s to the early 1980s, is somewhat sparse and, in particular, thematically one­ sided. Almost all studies focus on reindeer herding, although in 1989 only 35% of Russian Sami of working age were employed in this sector. 181 A nalysis of the inter- 179Cf.: Vladimirova 2006, 219. 180Cf. here also: Maksimov 2002. 181 Cf.: Bol'sakova 2005, 219. Senterfor samiske studier, Skriftserie nr. 19 120