Allemann, L. The sami of the Kola Peninsula : about the life of an ethnic minority in the Soviet Union / Lukas Allemann ; [transl. by Michael Lomax]. - Rovaniemi : University of Lapland Printing Centre, 2013. - 151 p. : ill., map, portr. ; 25 см. - (Senter for samiske studier, Skriftserie ; 19).

The Sami of the Kola Peninsula To use the exact term: 'Work Therapy-Profilaktorium' [lecebno-trudovoj profil- aktorij], not work camps [...]. Q: What were they like? A: I mean our police had a special plan. They were to decide whom they would get rid of, whom they would send to those labour profilaktoria. Those centres had a free workforce at their disposal that was used by the state machine. And people worked. Back in the village, my brother had no place to live ( ), but in the profilaktorium he was given a bed to sleep in. He and others like him were sent somewhere to work during the day. This camp was in Apatity. I mean this labour profilaktorium. Q: But it wasn't considered as punishment. I mean they weren't sent there as punishment, were they? A: Yes, it was. He was punished because, allegedly, he was unwilling to work. Q: You mean though he wasn't given a job, they accused him of parasitism [tunejadstvo]? A: Exactly. There existed a special government agency that was in charge of it. The word 'unemployment' didn't exist back then, they used the word 'parasit­ ism' instead.Because- Q: Because unemployment didn't officially exist. A: No, it didn't. There was no declared unemployment in the Soviet Union, but social parasites did exist. They wanted to keep people busy, no one was allowed to be idle and stay away from work. That's why they sent them to those camps, to those profilaktoria.. As I remember it right, my brother served three terms there. [...]. Each time, he went there for a three-year term. He would serve his term, be released and then go back to Lovozero. He could only go to Lovozero and nowhere else. He would hang around for a while. They would give him time to find work, but he couldn't find any. Besides, he was often drunk. Then the po­ lice would come for him and say: you're not just a drunkard, you're also a para­ site !161 161 Afanas'eva interview, lines 739-772. Senterfor samiske studier, Skriftserie nr. 19 103